If you suffer from frequent migraines, you’ve probably explored all kinds of possible triggers: stress, diet, lack of sleep, even weather changes. But one potential cause that often goes overlooked is TMJ dysfunction. The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) connects your jaw to your skull, and when it’s not functioning properly, it can lead to a wide range of symptoms, including what feels like migraine headaches. So, is your TMJ to blame for your migraines? Here’s what you need to know about the connection.
What Is TMJ Dysfunction?
TMJ dysfunction (also called TMD) refers to problems with the jaw joint and surrounding muscles. These joints are essential for everyday movements like chewing, speaking, and yawning. When the joint becomes irritated or misaligned, it can cause pain and tension not just in the jaw but throughout the head, neck, and shoulders.
Common symptoms of TMJ dysfunction include:
- Jaw pain or tenderness.
- Clicking or popping when opening the mouth.
- Difficulty chewing.
- Locking of the jaw.
- Earaches or ringing in the ears.
- Headaches that mimic migraines.
The Link Between TMJ and Migraines
TMJ dysfunction can trigger or worsen migraines in several ways:
1. Muscle Tension
When the muscles around your jaw are strained or overworked (often due to clenching, grinding, or poor alignment), they can create tension that radiates to your temples and forehead. This tension can mimic the throbbing pain of a migraine.
2. Nerve Compression
The TMJ is located near several major nerves in the head and face. If the joint is inflamed or misaligned, it can put pressure on these nerves, particularly the trigeminal nerve, which plays a key role in migraine pain.
3. Stress and Clenching
People with TMJ issues often clench their teeth, especially during sleep or times of stress. Chronic clenching puts additional strain on the jaw muscles and can act as a migraine trigger.
4. Overlapping Symptoms
Some migraines are accompanied by neck stiffness, jaw pain, or facial discomfort—all of which can also be signs of TMJ dysfunction. This overlap can make it hard to pinpoint the root cause without a thorough evaluation.
How to Know if TMJ Is Contributing to Your Migraines
If you experience any of the following along with your headaches, TMJ could be a factor:
- Your jaw clicks or pops regularly.
- You wake up with jaw soreness or tension.
- You grind your teeth (bruxism).
- Your headaches are centered around your temples or behind your eyes.
- Over-the-counter migraine medications don’t offer much relief.
A dentist or TMJ specialist can evaluate your jaw joint and bite to see if dysfunction may be playing a role.
Treatment Options
If TMJ dysfunction is contributing to your migraines, treating the underlying jaw issue can offer real relief. Common treatments include:
- Custom night guards or splints.
- Physical therapy or jaw exercises.
- Stress management techniques.
- Anti-inflammatory medications.
- Bite adjustments or orthodontics in more severe cases.
TMJ dysfunction and migraines share more in common than you might think. If you’ve been battling headaches and can’t find lasting relief, it may be time to consider your jaw. A proper diagnosis and targeted treatment could reduce your migraines and help you reclaim your comfort and peace of mind.
About the Author
Dr. Heng Lim has practiced dentistry for 30 years. He earned his dental degree from the University of Oklahoma and then pursued advanced training in the placement and restoration of dental implants at Baylor College of Dentistry. Dr. Lim has continued his education with seminars in Dallas and courses at the Las Vegas Institute and today is one of the few dentists to earn the distinction of LVI Fellow. If you suffer from headaches and are looking for relief, schedule your appointment with us online or call (918) 274-3779.